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"Civil Rights Expenses"
title
"Civil Rights Expenses"
Subject
Civil rights, Police
Date created ms
1966
Abstract
A detailed list of purchases, classified as "civil rights expenses," made by the City of Bogalusa between 1964 and 1966. The purchases include riot guns, ammunition, nightsticks, gas masks and canisters, surveillance equipment, and a K-9 dog. The first purchases were made in May 1964, several months before any organized civil rights activity had taken place in Bogalusa.
"Louisiana Summer 1965" flyer
title
"Louisiana Summer 1965" flyer
Subject
Congress of Racial Equality, University of California, Berkeley, Civil rights
Date created ms
1965
Abstract
UC Berkeley Campus CORE recruiting flyer for "Louisiana Summer 1965" campaign. Announces a rally with "Cal students back from Bogalusa, La."
"The Terror of Bogalusa: A Case in Point"
title
"The Terror of Bogalusa: A Case in Point"
Subject
Ku Klux Klan, Municipal officials and employees, United States. Congress
Date created ms
1965
Abstract
Speech delivered on the House Floor by Representative Charles Weltner of Georgia on October 22, 1965, in which he condemned the Ku Klux Klan and entered the names of 175 Bogalusa Klan members, including many city officials, into the Congressional Record. A copy of the speech was mailed to Irma Lee Callender’s late husband, A.M. Cesario.
$25,000 Bond Is Set for Ray McElveen (6/11/65)
title
$25,000 Bond Is Set for Ray McElveen (6/11/65)
Subject
Murder, Hate crimes, African American police, Congress of Racial Equality
Date created ms
1965-06-11
$25,000 Reward Offered for Information on Slayings / Witness Tells of Attack on Negro Deputies (6/6/65)
title
$25,000 Reward Offered for Information on Slayings / Witness Tells of Attack on Negro Deputies (6/6/65)
Subject
Murder, African American police, Criminal investigations
Date created ms
1965-06-06
'Beatnik Set' Won't Solve Bogalusa's Problems (7/28/65)
title
'Beatnik Set' Won't Solve Bogalusa's Problems (7/28/65)
Subject
Congress of Racial Equality, Civil rights
Date created ms
1965-07-28
'Responsibility of Peace' Cited by Gov. McKeithen (4/16/65)
title
'Responsibility of Peace' Cited by Gov. McKeithen (4/16/65)
Subject
Bogalusa Chamber of Commerce
Date created ms
1965-04-16
10 Rights Workers Named in Slander Suit (12/4/66)
title
10 Rights Workers Named in Slander Suit (12/4/66)
Subject
Civil rights, Police, Libel and slander, Police brutality
Date created ms
1966-12-04
Abstract
"A $285,000 slander and libel suit was filed Friday afternoon in 22nd District court by three Bogalusa officials who recently won dismissal of a federal contempt of court motion in New Orleans. Commissioner of Safety Arnold Spiers, Police Chief Claxton Knight and Police Capt. Haynes "Twister" Wascom are asking $9,500 apiece from each of 10 defendants, on the grounds that the charges in the contempt motion were 'slanderous, libelous and untrue, malicious statements.'" Defendants in the suit were Jeffrey Horton, Robert Hicks, Fletcher Anderson, Michael Jones, Arron Cornelius Griffin, Charles Currier, Alcie Taylor, Henry Robinson, Charles Williams and Ralph Graves.
13 Tell of Attacks: Beating of Negroes Denied by Two Officers (12/29/65)
title
13 Tell of Attacks: Beating of Negroes Denied by Two Officers (12/29/65)
Subject
Civil rights, Law and legislation, Police brutality, Civil rights demonstrations, Deacons for Defense and Justice
Date created ms
1965-12-29
Abstract
Witnesses testify in the federal civil contempt trial of four Bogalusa and Washington Parish law enforcement officers, charged with violating the terms of the federal court order to protect civil rights demonstrators. The testimony describes the events of October 20, 1965, later known as "Bloody Wednesday," when police led a rampage on Fourth Street in Bogalusa, indiscriminately beating and arresting protestors, business customers and passersby. During the hearing, Judge Herbert Christenberry commented, "That sounds more like East Germany than the United States."
14 From Area Called for KKK Investigation (1/4/66)
title
14 From Area Called for KKK Investigation (1/4/66)
Subject
Ku Klux Klan, United States. Congress. House. Committee on Un-American Activities.
Date created ms
1966-01-04
18 Arrested on Columbia Street: 50 More Troopers Ordered Here (5/30/65)
title
18 Arrested on Columbia Street: 50 More Troopers Ordered Here (5/30/65)
Subject
Civil rights demonstrations, Bogalusa Voters League, Louisiana. Division of State Police
Date created ms
1965-05-30
1965 Louisiana Health Survey
title
1965 Louisiana Health Survey
Subject
Medical Committee for Human Rights (U.S.), Discrimination in medical care, Discrimination in housing, Discrimination in education, Discrimination in employment, Nursing education, Hospitals
Date created ms
1965
Name
Rapoport, Stanley
Abstract
1965 report on racial health disparities in Louisiana, especially Bogalusa, prepared by Dr. Stanley Rapoport for the Medical Committee on Human Rights. The report documents segregation and unequal conditions in public and private health facilities; lack of Black medical staff; lack of opportunities for Blacks in medical education and training; and disparities in housing conditions and sanitation.
1965 voter registration and census figures by race
title
1965 voter registration and census figures by race
Date created ms
1965-03-31
Abstract
A breakdown of 1965 voter registration numbers in Bogalusa and Washington Parish by race and gender, as well as the 1960 census counts. Before the passage of the Voting Rights Act, Louisiana Black voters were subject to discriminatory literacy and citizenship tests whose results were entirely at the discretion of the Registrar. As of March 31, 1965, 23.34% of eligible Black voters in Washington Parish were registered to vote, compared with 92.20% of eligible white voters.
1967 Louisiana Joint Legislative Committee report on school integration
title
1967 Louisiana Joint Legislative Committee report on school integration
Subject
School integration, Louisiana. Legislature
Date created ms
1967
Name
Peter Honigsberg
Abstract
Excerpts from a 1967 Louisiana Joint Legislative Committee Report on school integration, recommending continued public funding of segregation academies through grant-in-aid to parents of children attending private schools. The funding of segregation academies made it possible for Southern states to circumvent Brown v. Board of Education and subsequent federal integration orders, in order to perpetuate racial segregation in dual school systems. According to the report, “The vast majority of the people of Louisiana still steadfastly oppose the integration of the races in their school system because, unlike ultra-liberals, they realize that integrated public schools substantially lower the standard of education which their children can receive, and they resent the forced social relationship of their children with negro children whose moral conduct generally is known to be wholly unacceptable.”
94 Arrested Wednesday: March Fails to Materialize (10/21/65)
title
94 Arrested Wednesday: March Fails to Materialize (10/21/65)
Subject
Bogalusa Voters League, Student activism, Police brutality, Congress of Racial Equality, Jails
Date created ms
1965-10-21
Abstract
October 20, 1965 became known as “Bloody Wednesday” for the violent police rampage that occurred that evening on Fourth Street, which was Bogalusa’s Black business corridor. In the morning, Bogalusa civil rights movement leaders were arrested for supporting a student boycott of the segregated Black schools. Those arrests led to an attempted student march the same day, when 46 students were arrested. After word got out in the Black community about the arrests, 250 Black community members staged a spontaneous protest march. Police responded by swarming Fourth Street, beating, clubbing and arresting not just the protesters, but restaurant customers, business owners, and passersby. Afterwards, the Justice Department filed charges against the Bogalusa police and the Judge Herbert Christenberry commented that what occurred “was more like East Germany than the United States.”
A Texan Looks at Bogalusa (7/25/65)
title
A Texan Looks at Bogalusa (7/25/65)
Subject
Civil rights movements, Anti-communist movements
Date created ms
1965-07-25
A Volunteer for Justice: Working for Civil Rights in Louisiana, 1966
title
A Volunteer for Justice: Working for Civil Rights in Louisiana, 1966
Subject
Discrimination--Law and legislation, Lawyers Constitutional Defense Committee (U.S.), Deacons for Defense and Justice, Civil rights
Date created ms
2021
Name
Driesen, George
Abstract
Memoir by Rabbi George Driesen about his work as a civil rights attorney in Louisiana as an independent associate of the Black-owned New Orleans law firm, Collins, Douglas and Elie. Driesen describes his work on Hicks v. Crown Zellerbach, Jenkins v. City of Bogalusa School Board, his experiences bonding voting rights activists out of jail in Vidalia and Ferriday, as well as his encounters with Isaac “Ike” Reynolds, Robert Hicks and Vidalia Mayor Sidney Murray. Driesen’s 1966 letter to the Louisiana Attorney General detailing racist incidents at the Bogalusa High School is attached as an appendix. (The original letter is housed at the Louisiana State Archives, Accession #P1985-192.)
A.Z. Young
title
A.Z. Young
Subject
Civil rights demonstrations, Civil rights
Date created ms
1965
Name
Williams, Dottie
Abstract
A.Z. Young at a Bogalusa civil rights demonstration. Mary Crawford in sunglasses to his right. A.Z. Young was a leader of the Bogalusa Civil Rights Movement and President of the Bogalusa Civic and Voters League.
A.Z. Young and Robert Hicks in front of Lafayette Hotel in Washington D.C.
title
A.Z. Young and Robert Hicks in front of Lafayette Hotel in Washington D.C.
Subject
Civil rights
Date created ms
1967
Name
Rapoport, Stanley
Abstract
A.Z. Young (left) and Robert Hicks (right) in front of Lafayette Hotel in Washington, D.C.
A.Z. Young and Robert Hicks in front of White House 1
title
A.Z. Young and Robert Hicks in front of White House 1
Subject
Civil rights, White House (Washington, D.C.)
Date created ms
1967
Name
Rapoport, Stanley
Abstract
Dr. Rapoport recalls: "A.Z. Young and Bob Hicks flew up to Washington for a legal proceeding in May 1967, had lunch with me, my wife and 2 infants. I just had to take them to the front of the White House for the picture, as a mark of defiance."

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